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Rice or Barley Koji

Prep Time 8 hours
Fermentation Time 2 days
Course condiment
Cuisine Japanese
Makes 500 g koji (enough to make 1/2 gallon red miso)

Equipment

  • Steaming baskets or trays
  • Cedar or unfinished wooden tray or baking dish at least 13"x 9" with a 2 inch lip
  • 2 clean dish towels

Ingredients

  • 400 g (about 1 lb.) dry white rice (a long grain variety like jasmine) or pearled barley
  • 5 grams koji starter (koji mixed with rice) OR 1 gram pure koji spores

Instructions
 

Soak & Prepare Grains

  • Place the grains in 3 times the volume of clean filtered water.
  • Soak at least 6 hours, or overnight.
  • If using rice, drain well, then rinse several times until the rinse water is clear.

Steam Grains

  • Prepare your steamer. Add steamer baskets or tray to a large pot. Add enough water to the bottom so it is not touching the bottom of the steamer tray. Add dish towels to basket and cover with lid.
  • Set pot on medium-high heat, and steam the towels for 20 minutes.
  • With tongs, carefully remove one of the dish towels and set aside. Drape the other one inside the steamer basket.
  • Add rinsed and drained grains to steamer. Spread evenly so steam can penetrate the entire mass of grains.
  • Steam grains around 45 minutes, or until they are al dente. You may need to add more water halfway through to ensure there's enough steam. Don't let your pot run dry!
  • While the grains are steaming, prepare incubation tray bed. Drape the steamed, cooled dish towel in the tray. There should be enough extra towel so you can completely wrap the bed of grains on all sides.
  • Once finished steaming, carefully pour grains into the towel in the tray in a 1 inch (2.5cm) layer, and let cool down to 90°F/32°C.

Inoculate and Culture

  • Once grains have cooled, gently and evenly sprinkle 1/3 of the tane koji over the bed. Stir the grains well. Repeat with another 1/3, stirring well, and finally the remaining 1/3. Stir for a total of 3-4 minutes to thoroughly incorporate the koji spores.
  • If you are using the pure spores, you can use a flour sifter to gently disperse the spores. They will seem lighter than air, so observe carefully as the spores fall onto the rice bed.
  • Cover the grain bed with the towel. If needed to cover the bed, you can also use the towel you used to steam them. Just ensure that you wring out the steaming towel first to remove excess water.
  • Add tray(s) to your incubating chamber. Ideal temperature range during the first 24 hours is 86° to 91°F/30° to 33°C, with 75% humidity. If you have a temperature probe, ensure it is clean, then stick it in the middle center of the grains bed.
  • After 24 hours, you should see signs of the mycelium beginning to form all over the grains, and it should be fairly fragrant.
  • Break up any clumps or mats to encourage more mycelium to form, then create several lengthwise furrows in the bed, which will provide more surface area for those oxygen-loving microbes to form mycelium.
  • Check again at 36 hours, ensuring the temperature doesn't climb too high. The mass of koji will begin generating its own heat, so you may even be able to lower or turn off the heat source, so it doesn't overheat.
  • Koji should be finished between 40 and 48 hours. If it begins to turn splotchy colors like dark olive, yellow, it has begun to sporulate (possibly because it was too warm). Make a decision as to whether enough mycelium has formed if this occurs.
  • Remove tray from incubator, then allow to cool down. Break up any clumps to get to as close to individual grains as possible.
  • Use koji immediately, or refrigerate in a tightly sealed container for up to 3 days in the refrigerator.